A financial system is defined as the collection of markets, individuals, laws, polices, systems, conventions, techniques and institutions through which bonds, stocks, and other securities are traded, interest rates are determined and financial services are provided and delivered.
The primary task of the financial system is to move scarce loanable funds from those who save to those who borrow to buy goods and services and to make investments so that the economy can grow and increase the standard of living enjoyed by citizens.The end users of this system are people and firms whose desire is to lend and to borrow.
The financial system moves the economy’s scarce resources from savers to borrowers.
The financial system determines both the cost of credit and the amount of credit available to pay for the thousands of different goods and services we purchase daily. Equally important, what happens in this system has a powerful impact upon the health of the economy of a nation.
- When credit becomes more costly and less available, total spending for goods and services falls.
As a result, unemployment rises and the economy’s growth slows down as businesses cut back their production and lay off workers. In contrast, when the cost of credit declines and loanable funds become more available, total spending in the economy often increases, more jobs are created and the economy’s growth accelerates.